Terminology
git checkout — <filepath> ¶ Roll back changes to a modified file.
git checkout <branch>; git checkout <branch>~<n> <file> ¶ Revert a file <n> revisions.
git diff —name-only <commit>^..<commit> ¶ List the files modified in a particular commit.
git diff —name-only master ¶ List the files that are different between the current branch and the master branch.
git log -p -1 <commit> ¶ Show the change made by a particular commit.
git log —pretty=oneline | grep <string> ¶ Find commit(s) with comments containing <string>.
git reset HEAD <file> ¶ Unstage a file to be committed.
git show <branch>:<filepath> ¶ Show a file as it exists in a particular branch.
git show <commit>:<filepath> ¶ Show the contents of a particular file as of a particular commit.
Facts, Thoughts and Opinions
git newbranch
Creates a branch, checks it out, and pushes it to the git server in one command.
!f(){ git branch $1 && git checkout $1 && git push -u origin $1; };f